Peri‐implant health and disease. A systematic review of current epidemiology

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundTo develop preventive strategies addressing peri‐implant diseases, a thorough understanding of the epidemiology is required.AimThe aim was to systematically assess the scientific literature in order to evaluate the prevalence, extent and severity of peri‐implant diseases.Material & MethodsData were extracted from identified studies. Meta‐analyses for prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis were performed. The effect of function time and disease definition on the prevalence of peri‐implantitis was evaluated by meta‐regression analyses. Data on extent and severity of peri‐implant diseases were estimated if not directly reported.ResultsFifteen articles describing 11 studies were included. Case definitions for mucositis and peri‐implantitis varied. The prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis ranged from 19 to 65% and from 1 to 47%, respectively. Meta‐analyses estimated weighted mean prevalences of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis of 43% (CI: 32–54%) and 22% (CI: 14–30%), respectively. The meta‐regression showed a positive relationship between prevalence of peri‐implantitis and function time and a negative relationship between prevalence of peri‐implantitis and threshold for bone loss. Extent and severity of peri‐implant diseases were rarely reported.ConclusionFuture studies on the epidemiology of peri‐implant diseases should consider (i) applying consistent case definitions and (ii) assessing random patient samples of adequate size and function time.